Apparatus for starting internal-combustion engines.



e. HONOLD'.

APPARATUS FOR STARTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

' APPLIEJATION rum) my 23,1911.

1,043,595. Patented Nov.5, 1912. 'Z'SHEBTB-SHEET 1.

. Goff/01) HMO d W mp G. HONOLD. APPARATUS FOR STARTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Patented Nov. 5, 1912.

'2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

w n it it .liidu ientrnur enrich.

GOTTLOB HONOLD, OF STUTTG-ART, GERMANY.

'AE PARA IWJS. FUR STARTING INTERIIAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters l atent.

Patented Nov. 5, 1912.

Application filed May 23, 1911. Serial No. 623,984.

To all whom may concern:

file it, hnown that l, Go'r'rnon l llononn, a

sul' oi the Emperor of Germany, residii at Stuttgart, Germany, have invented drawing the old charge irom a cylinder or then introducing fresh combustin. 1 ture t-hc an, and finally igniting the fresh mixtu Various modifications 0t 26 this it "d have already been devised, dift'crii mncipally in the nizinncr of introducing the fresh combustible mixture into l However, in these cases the old char e was sucked out of one and the :tresh mixture sucked in 7 opening, or the oldcharge was forced out of one opening by a fresh charge wh h entered another opening. in all cases two o 'ic-ning ris in each cylinder were neces- 30 giry, one for withdrawing the old charge, and t "to other for introducing the fresh miX- lure i the inlet and outlet. valves of the ryiim rs v, not used for this purpose, specim ope and operating mcclmnisin were requireth all oil which obviously complicated the construction oi the winders a nd son 1 c t im otter-alum or the engine.

in accordance with my invc'cntiou, the oldv charge is first withdrawn through a special opening in the cylinder, and then the fresh combustible mixture is forced into the cylinder throu h the some opening. A valve in terposed between the exhausting device and the cylinder is operated utter the pressure in the cylinder sullicioutlv reduced to connect the carburetor with the special opening in the cylinder; whereby atmospheric pressure forces the h 'Tl' .lmstiblc mixture from 59 die carhurcter into the cylinder. The fresh bustible mixture which passes into the ihausting device at the same time, may, if desired, be wholly or in part forced into the cylinder. For multiple cylinder engines,

a double acting: air pump is em iiloyed and all the cylinders having their inlet and outmethod of starting which consists in withintertlued with the normal let valves closed are connected to the suction side of the pump, while those cylinders having their inlet oroutlet valves open, are connected to the pressure side of the pump. In this way, those cylinders which have closed valves will receive fresh mixtures, While the part of the fresh combustible mixture which, at the same time, passes into the suction side of the pump may be allowed. to pass to the pressure side of the pump by means of an automatic valve, so that at the next stroke of the pump the fresh combustible mixture therein will be forced into those cylinders which have their inlet or exhaustvalves open and-force out the gases therein. In this Way it is possible to provide all. the cylinders of a multiple cylinder engine with fresh combustible'miX- ture whether their valves are open or closed.

Inasmuch as this invention requires that the combustion space in the cylinder be exhausted before the fresh, combustible mix ture is introduced, the engine crank must be brought to such a posit-ion that the inlet; and exhaust valves of the cylinder of a single cylinder engine, or of some of the cylinders of a multiple cylinder engine, are closed. This position may be indicated by an indicatingdevice, such as a movable lap interposed in the conduit between the em lianstiirg device andthc cylinder, so that the flap will show the direction of flow of the gases. For multiple cylinder engines this flap may be used also for the purpose of in dicating which cylinders have open valves and. "which have closed waives, so that it will be apparent. which cylinders are to be we haustcd and then filled with fresh mixtures. This feature may be of importance, since ordinarily only those cylinders with closed valves have their pistons in the compression or working part of the stroke. If the old charge is withdrawn from a cylinder with open valves, the [lap moves only to one side because the air enters the cylinder through the open valve and prevents a diminution of pressure within the cylinder, but if the valves of that cylinder are closed, then the combustion space is first exhausted then tilled with fresh mixture, thereby causing the flap to move toward one side, and then toward the other during eachv stroke of the pump. However, the indicating device may be so constructed that it, moves only in the direction produced by'the inflow of gases to the cylinder by means of an abutment or the ,like. The indicating device may also serve to enable the operator to properly regulate the speed of the pump for either single or multiple cylinder engines 'since it indicates after each stroke of the pump whether the pressure is equalized in the pump and the cylinder after the fresh mixture is drawn in.

and whether a subsequent stroke should take place.

In the accompanying drawings showing diagrammatically several modifications of the idea embodied in this invention, Figure 1 illustrates the arrangementfor a single cylinder engine; Fig. 1 shows the position of cock e when fresh combustible mixture passes from the earbureter to the cylinder; Fig. Q'shows the arrangement wherein a jet injectoris employed for the exhausting device; Fig. 2 shows the position of cock e whenjfresh combustible mixture passes from the carbureter to the cylinder; Fig. 3 shows the arrangement applied to a multiple cylinder engine; Fig. 4 shows a spark plug-particularly weltadapted for this invention; and Fig. 5 shows a modified arrangement.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1, a designates a cylinder of an internal combustion engine provided with a spark plug 7) and a special opening 0 for the passage of the gases outof and into the combustion space of the cylinder in starting the engine. The carburcter (Z may be connected with the exhaust conduit f by means of a cock 6, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or by means of the valve 6 shown in Fig. 3. The exhausting device for withdrawing the oldcharge is the pump 9 in Figs. 1 and 3 or the jet injector in Fig. 2. The cock m or other suitable device prevents the force of the explosion in the engine cylinder from acting on the exhausting device or the carburcter. To start the engine with the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, the engine crank is first brought to the most favorable location. The pump is then operated so as to exhaust the old charge from the combustion space of the cylinder a through the opening 0 and the conduit f, during which period the inlet and outletports of the engine and the cock 6 are closed, as shown in F ig. 1,-

while the valve m is open. As soon as the pressure in the cylinder is sufficiently reduced, cock e is turned to the position shown in Fig. 1" and mixed air and fuel gas flow from the carburetor (Z into the eonduit f and thence into the cylinder and into the suction side of the air pump. After the pressure in the cylinder and the air pump is equalized, the cock (.2 is closed and the operation is repeated if necessary) The old charge witlulrawn from the cylinder is preferably automatically expelled/ from the pump through the check valve 1 so that the fresh con'ibustiblc mixture which suhsequently flows into the pump does not mix with the old charge. In this way the combustion space in the cylinder is filled with a fresh combustible mixture, and when the cylinder is sufficiently charged with fresh mixture the conduit f is cut off from the cylinder by means of the cock m and the combustible material then ignited by means of the ignition plug 7) which supplied with ignition current from any suitable source indicated. by 6 In the arrangement shown in Fig. 9., the pump is replaced by a jet injector g, which may be operated by compressed air or compressed gas from the tank a or other suitable source. The three-way cock 6 is so arranged that when the old charge is being exhausted from the cylinder, the carburetor is disconnected from the conduit, but when the cock is turned to introduce the fresh combustible mixture into the cylinder a, the injector is disconnected from the carbureter and the cylinder. After the injector has sufficiently reduced the pressure in the cylinder, the cock (2 is turned to the position shown in Fig. 3, whereupon the combustion space is filled with fresh combustible mix ture. In this arrangement the operation of exhausting and filling the cylinder may also be repeated, if desired, so as to moduce a more ellicient explosion for starting. The cock m is then closed and the fresh combustible mixture ignited as before.

Fig. 3 shows a four-cylinder combustion engine having the combustion spaces connected by pipes to a distributing val vc i and thence through one conduit l: to one side of a double acting pump 5 and through au other conduit f to the other side of the pump. The valve 2 is so arranged that the twoalternate cylinders may be connected to either side of the pump. while the other two would be connected to the other side of the pump. The conduit f contains the indicating device in comprising a flap as shown which moves to one side of the vertical or the other, depending upon the direction of flow of the gases through the conduit f. Or, if desired, the flap may be prevented from moving toone side of the vertical by an abutment or the like so that only the flow of gases into the cylinders from the carbureter would be indicated. The cock 0 of Figs. 1 and 2 is replaced 111 Fig. 3 by a valve (2, which is held closed in the position of rest by a spring, but is automatically opened at the end of the stroke of the pump by the operation of the check valve and the pivoted lever (Ho-acting therewith, as shown. Tu Fig. 3. the couduit l: is in communication with eylindcrsp and 4 whose valves are open, while conduit f is in communication with \'lin tx1s and 3 whose valves are closed.

In the ariangement shown in Fig. 3., we i.

nrst. stroke of pump 9 causes a diminution of pr ssure in cylinders 1 and 3, and at the end of the stroke the valve 0 automatically opens so that fresh combustible mixture from the carburetor enters these cylinders and the suction side of the pump. As soon as the pressure has been equalized, the valve is closed with the downward stroke of the pump while the fresh combustible mixture in the pump passes through the check valve Z into the upper part of the pump cylinder. During the next upward stroke of the pump, the same operation is repeated upon the exhaust side, while the fresh combustible mixture which has passed to the press'ln'e side of the pump flows through conduit is and-distributing valve 4 to the combustion space of cylinders 2 and at, whose valves are open. In this way the old charge in cylinders 1 and 3 is first sucked out by the pump and then fresh combustible mixture is introduced through conduit f, while the old charge in cylinders 2 and. 4 is forced out of the open valves by the fresh combustible mixture entering therein through conduit in. It is desirable to introduce the gas into. the cylinder as near to the ignition device as possible. For this reason the spark plug Z) shown in Fig; 4: is particularly well adapted to the purpose, since the freshcoml'iustihle mixture is introduced into the cylindeifthrough the nippleo of the spark plug 1 elf. as indicated in 4.

It obvious that the arrangements may be variously modified by ditlercnt combinations oi? the elements described for different purposes. The check valve Z shown in the pump of Fig. l is replaced in Fig. 5 by a three-way cock 7;. To exhaust the cylinder the cocks .c and p are placed in the position shown and the pump piston is pulled up, whereupon the old charge in the cylinder is partly drawn into the suction chamber of the pump. The cock p is then turned so that the suction chamber of the pump exhausts to the atmosphere. If desired the same operation may be repeated until .the cylinder is sidiicicntly exhausted. Preferably with the pump piston in the upper position, and with cock 7) in the position shown in Fig. 5, the valve is opened so that fresh coi'nbustible mixture flows into the cylinder and also into the suction chamber of the pun'u). Then by forcing the pump piston down, the fresh combustible mixture therein may be forced into the cylinder so that the combustible mixture in the cylinder is more highly coinand therefore effects a more efiicient osion for starting upon subsequent ignition.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. Apparatus for starting an internal combastion engine, comprising a conduit connected to the combustion space of the cynnder or cylinders of theengine, an exhausting device connected to the conduit to withdraw the old charge from the cylinder or cylinders and thereby reduce the pressure therein, a carburcter connected to the conduit to supply fresh combustible mixture to the cylinder or cylinders after the pressure is reduced therein, and an ignition device in said combustion space or spaces to ignite the fresh combustible mixture therein, whereby the engine is started by withdrawing the old charge from an opening to the cylinder or cylinders, introducing the fresh combustible mixture therein through the same opening and igniting the mixture.

2. Apparatus tor starting internal com-- bustion engines, comprisii'ig an ignition dcvice in a cylinder of said engine, a conduit to said ignition device; an exhausting device connected to said conduit to withdraw the old charge from the combustion space of each cylinder and thereby reduce the pres sure therein, and a carbureter connected'to the conduit to supply fresh combustible mixture to the cylinder after the pressure is reduced therein, whereby the engine is started by withdrawing the old charge from an opening tov the cylinder, introducing the fresh combustible mixture therein in close proximity to the point of ignition through the same opening, and igniting the mixture.

3. Apparatus for starting an internal combustion engine, comprising a conduit connected to the combustion space of the cylinder or cylinders of the engine, an exhausting device connected to the conduit to withdraw the old charge from the cylinder or cylinders and thereby reduce the pressure therein, a

carburetor connected to the conduit to supply combustible mixture to the cylinder or cylinders after the pressure is reduced therein, an ignition device in each of said com bustion spaces to ignite the fresh combustible mixture therein, and an indicator in said conduit for indicating. the direction of flow of the" gases therein.

4. Apparatus for starting multiple cylinder combustion ei'igines, comprising pipes connected to the combustion spaceof each cylinder, a distributing value adapted to connect said pipes in groups, a conduit connected to the valve so to be placed in. communication with one group of pipes or the 'other, another conduit connected to said valve so as to be in communication with the other of said groups of ipes, a double-act ing pump having one si e connected to one of said conduits and the other side connected to the other of said conduits, and a carburetor connected to one of said conduits, whereby the combustion space of those cylinders whose valves are closed may be exhausted and then filled with fresh combustible mixture from the carburetor, while those 5 r l l therein, an automatic valve operated by the pump to connect the culburcter with said conduit, and an ignition device in the com- 1 T bustion space of the cylinder or cylinders for ignltmg the combustible mixture therein. In testimony whereof I afiix my signature, in presence of two wltnesses.

GOTTLOB HONOLD. Witnesses MAX Anscnti'rz, RnINI-IQLD Emvnn'r. 

